Stretching the concept of citizenship in Spain on the threshold of the 21st Century
Abstract
The Spanish Constitution that was approved in 1978, after Franco’s forty-year dictatorship, gave the autonomous regions freedom to implement their own policies in specific social domains. Although it would be difficult to speak of a full-fledged federal system of government, it is true that sub-state authorities have gained substantial ground in terms of organizing areas of civic life such as the health system, education, housing policies, etc. Simultaneously, traditional views on citizenship—which linked it to the Nation-State—have also been eroded “from above” as supra-national entities such as the EU, the UN, and Human Rights organizations have issued norms and regulations that have had a significant impact on our understanding of the concept. It remains unclear, though, whether these new forces shaping contemporary citizenship(s) are all pushing in the same direction.
Received: 02 November 2012
Accepted: 18 January 2013
Publicación online: 15 April 2016
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